Unfortunately this took a while to arrive as scan.co.uk had to order it in specially, so my initial FreeNAS install was onto a temporary USB thumb drive.

Once the internal USB drive had arrived, I needed to transfer my install onto the new drive. Although it probably would have been possible to use FreeNAS’s backup/restore to move my settings onto a fresh install, I wanted to try a low-level copy from the temporary thumb drive to the internal drive if possible.

The transfer can be made quite easily using dd, however first it is necessary to identify which physical disk maps to which USB device, which is made slightly more difficult by the fact that the drive partitions are labelled with glabel rather than using the underlying drive partition names.

The following procedure worked for me:

1. Boot FreeNAS into single-user mode (Select “4. Boot FreeNAS in single user mode at the boot menu”
2. Type “mount” to identify which glabel the old USB drive is mounted on – e.g.
   $ mount
/dev/ufs/FreeNASs1a on / (ufs, local, read-only, soft-updates)
3. Run “glabel list | grep <label> -B 2″ (replacing “FreeNASs1a” with the label displayed in the previous step). The “Geom name” provides the underlying drive partition name, in this case da0s1a:
   $ glabel list | grep FreeNASs1a -B 2
Geom name: da0s1a
Providers:
1. Name: ufs/FreeNASs1a
4. Take the first three letters of the partition name from the previous step to get the device name (da0 in the example above).
5. Run “grep da. /var/log/messages”:
   $ grep da. /var/log/messages
May 25 09:12:55 freenas kernel: da0: Removable Direct Access SCSI-0 device
May 25 09:12:55 freenas kernel: da1: Fixed Direct Access SCSI-0 device
6. From the output above, one of the device names should match that of the Freenas label, check that the disk type matches that expected. The other should match your new USB stick.
7. Triple-check the above as the following command will destroy your FreeNAS disk if run incorrectly!
8. Run “dd if=/dev/<old device> of=/dev/<new device> bs=16k” to perform the copy, e.g.
   $ dd if=/dev/da0 of=/dev/da1 bs=16k

Update: The ‘camcontrol’ command also allows devices to be listed:

# camcontrol devlist
at scbus1 target 0 lun 0 (pass0,ada0)
at scbus2 target 0 lun 0 (pass1,ada1)
at scbus4 target 0 lun 0 (pass2,ada2)
at scbus7 target 0 lun 0 (pass3,da0)


The post Transferring FreeNAS 8 to a different USB drive first appeared on Base Six.

The post Guide to cryptographic hashes for content-based addressing first appeared on Base Six.

Last time I built a PC I almost built a NAS box at the same, but looking at the increase in cost of building a separate network attached PC and the decrease in performance from accessing storage via a LAN I decided to put a RAID array inside my PC instead. The RAID array (on-board Intel Matrix RAID from my motherboard) has served me well and seen me through 2 drive failures in the past 5 years without issue – fortunately the Western Digital Caviar RAID Edition drives I purchased come with a 5 year guarantee with Advance Replacement (Western Digital will ship the replacement drive within 3-5 days, without receiving the faulty one first as long as you provide credit card details). Luckily my Samsung Spinpoint boot disk has not failed thus far!

I recently upgraded my network to gigabit ethernet, so network attached storage now seems more viable, plus I have filled up the RAID storage on my PC (which is probably close to wearing out anyway and I don’t fancy having to find a compatible motherboard to get my data back out again)… ZFS seems to be all the rage these days, and so it seems like hardware RAID is redundant. Some forum research seemed to indicate that ZFS needs a reasonably powerful CPU and plenty of memory, which ruled out my hopes of building a low-power fanless Intel Atom system. Therefore I decided to go with an i3, and the Zotac H55 Mini-ITX motherboard as it has 6 SATA ports.

As for a case, I looked at a few options including the Fractal Design Array R2, the CFI A7979 and the Lian-Li PC-Q08, but in the end decided to go with the Chenbro ES34169.

I also managed to find a Transcend 2GB USB drive intended for industrial use which fits onto a standard motherboard 10-pin USB header to avoid having a USB thumb drive sticking out of the back of the case.

A review appeared to confirm that the ES34169 would work nicely with the Zotac motherboard and an i3. When all the parts finally arrived and I built the system, unfortunately it would not boot. Some swapping of PSUs eventually confirmed that the Chenbro PSU was fine (it would boot a lower wattage system) as was the Zotac board, CPU and RAM (it would boot on another PSU), so the only conclusion was that 120W was not enough for the system.

Fortunately, Kustom PCs were very understanding and shipped me a 180W ES34069 (which has an external power brick) whilst I shipped the 120W ES34069 (which has an internal open-frame PSU, and is not available in a 180W version) back to them.

I had already purchased a low-height CPU cooler after reading the ES34169 review, and this fitted without issue. The only issue I did have building the case was that the SATA cables on the ES34069 were shorter than the ES34169 and two were not able to reach the SATA ports on the motherboard, so I had to replace these with some longer cables. After building the system, initially two of the HDDs did not register with the BIOS. These were the two bays I had switched cables for so I assumed there was an issue with the cables, however after ejecting and re-inserting the HDD caddies the drives appeared.

The ES34069 looks good, the translucent front allows the blinkenlights inside to be visible, which include a power and activity light on each individual disk caddy, somehow magically driven through the backplane (I had always assumed these would need a proprietary connection to a RAID controller).

On booting FreeNAS from a USB stick I initially had an issue with the system hanging whilst trying to load the network card driver, which seems to be a problem with the i386 BSD driver, however it works fine with the amd64 build (which is required for 64 bit support anyway).

So, I can confirm without further ado that the following setup works with FreeNAS 8:

• Zotac H55-A-E motherboard
• Intel i3-550 CPU (3.2 GHz)
• 180W Chenbro ES34069
• 2x 2GB Corsair DDR3 XMS3 (PC3-10600)
• 2x Western Digital 1.5Tb RE4-GP (WD1502FYPS)
• Silverstone NT07-1156 (low-profile CPU cooler)
• Transcend TS2GUFM-V (2GB Internal USB drive)
• Extra 60mm fan (for front of case)

The Transcend USB drive actually took a little while longer to arrive (as scan.co.uk had to order it in specially), so I initially installed FreeNAS onto a USB thumb drive and later transferred it to the Transcend USB drive with dd.

FreeNAS seems pretty easy to use so far. FreeNAS 8.0 is a complete rewrite so unfortunately it only supports basic storage/sharing at the moment, however many more features are on the way in 8.1. Now to copy my data on and start using FreeNAS!

The post FreeNAS i3 setup first appeared on Base Six.